Religion of Islam - Research Paper - 2488 Words

(Student Name) The Religion of Islam Minnesota School of Business Intercultural Communications (Professor Name) November 08, 2013 Islam is a monotheistic religion and spiritual belief based upon revelations established forth by the once then Prophet of 7th century Arabia, Muhammad. These revelations which were later chronicled in the Qur an (Koran), Islam s sacred writings. The Arabic word Islam conveys entry, mirroring the spiritual beliefs and their central precept of ones acceptance toward the will of God. Islam antedates to the edge of Adam where its message was then tied to man by God s Prophets and Messengers composed of Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad himself. (Abu Al- Ala Maududi, 1984). Islam†¦show more content†¦Several Shi i Muslims also recite the names of the twelve imams. Graves are marked with straightforward stone colored pens, to stress the equality of everyone in death. The departed repose in an intermediary state called the barzakh up until God resurrects those who pass on the Day of Judgment (Davies-Stofka, 2012). Overriding Values and Beliefs It is difficult to limit all of Islam into a few core values. Nevertheless, the most important beliefs and religious practices were identified by Prophet Muhammad himself. Thus, there is general agreement on them among all Muslims (Badawi, 2012). Core Religious Practices of Islam In Islam, praise belongs to life and is not restricted to plain rituals. The formal acts of worship are understood as the 5 columns of Islam. The five pillars of Islam are the statement of faith, petition, charity, fasting, and the associated pilgrimage (Introduction to Islam, 2002). Declaration of Faith The Declaration of Faith is the statement, Los angeles ilaha illa Allah wa Muhammad Rasul-ullah, suggesting There is no deity deserving of being worship other than God (Allah), and Muhammad is the Messenger (Prophet) of God). The Declaration of Faith is greater than just a statement; it has to be revealed with one s activities. To convert to the belief of Islam, an individual has to state this declaration. Daily Prayer Prayer is an approach by which a Muslim connects to God and gathersShow MoreRelatedThe World s Second Biggest Religion Right After Christianity1676 Words   |  7 Pagesmention the name of Islam or say that someone is a Muslim, we automatically think about terrorism, bombing, and other various acts of violence. If people say that they are Muslims, then we start judging them in a negative manner. Especially when the topic of being a woman in the religion of Islam arises, people start questioning on why women are treated so poorly in this religion. Coming from a Muslim family, I think that Islam is an underestimated religion in our society today. 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This research paper, illuminates and reviews Islam and how its began, by its Prophet Muhammad until his death. Summarizing some of its practices and beliefsRead MoreThe Rise Of Islam, And Its Subsequent Diffusion Across Eurasia1307 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is thought to be the religion of the people, whatever race or background they might be (Haghnavaz, 2013). The rise of Islam began circa 613CE, when the Islamic prophet Muhammad, began to spread the word of the revelations God (Allah) gave to him. From the cities of Makkah in the Arabian desert, the message of Islam spread with great speed. Within half a century since the Prophet Muhammad’s death, the message of Islam had risen in 3 continents (Haghnavaz, 2013). The aim of this essay is to discover

A dream is a wish your heart makes Free Essays

You dream of all the wonderful possibilities of living. And you find solace in your reams. â€Å"I want to fly, I will study and become a pilot†¦ † â€Å"l want to make a difference in the world† etc. We will write a custom essay sample on A dream is a wish your heart makes or any similar topic only for you Order Now And as you are on your journey towards your dream you will come across people who will condemn you for the dreams you dream and for the thing you do. People are constantly looking for faults in other people so that they can feel better about themselves. Sometimes these people might be your closest friends your family etc. But you know what keep fighting to live your dream.. And of course you will also come across people who will support you encourage you and inspire you to omelet your journey. Mostly in our Asian society if your dream or aspiration is not related to medicine engineering or law it is squished like a bug. Would know; I speak from experience. Some of us of course get lucky and can lay the foundations underneath their castles in the air. But most of us get stuck doing the things we hate because we are not allowed to dream of the things we love. And so we wait, we tell ourselves just one more year just few more days till we become our own people and can do what we like. We are always waiting for that one moment where we can metamorphosis from a trilateral and escape this cocoon and go on our adventures as beautiful butterfly. And if we believe in our wings we will surely fly. That’s the trick believing in yourself. Life may look like you are at the edge off cliff about to fall but just stop an feel the water spraying on your face the wind in your hair and the thrill and excitement of it all and once you embrace yourself -? jump! And guess what you don’t fall you fly because embracing yourself ad fighting for yourself is what made you this butterfly with these beautiful wings with which you fly. Take risks plunge into the unknown but always believe and never lose hope. Every life is important and every life is worth living. We all are like stars making up a the constellation of life and even without one star it loses its meaning. You may sometimes feel like you are less important the another person but remember you are you that is something no one can ever be. ‘Some people are like wildfire rushing and spontaneously changing everyone in their path but we are like the molten lava that flows below the earths surface changing the very foundations upon which we stand. How to cite A dream is a wish your heart makes, Papers

Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde (931 words) Essay Example For Students

Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde (931 words) Essay Dr. Jekyll And Mr. HydeDr. Jeckyl and Mr. Hyde In Robert Louis Stevensons famous novel about dual identity, Dr. Henry Jekyll, an affluent surgeon, creates a potion by which he can transform into Edward Hyde, the physical manifestation of his evil side. After many months of thrilling nighttime criminal escapades through the streets of London, his antics under the cloak of Hyde get him in trouble when he slays prominent public figure Danvers Carew. Jekyll is so shocked by this deed of evil that he decides an end will be put to his transformations, a science he calls transcendental medicine. Much to his alarm, Jekyll finds that he now turns into Hyde without his wanting it, undeniably a side effect of the drug. After locking himself into his cabinet, in order to facilitate his use of the drug in case of spontaneous transformations, his concerned butler Poole alerts good friend Gabriel Utterson, a lawyer. Together, they break into the cabinet, only to find they body of Hyde, lifeless on the floor. The pair finds an envelope addressed to Utterson which shall supposedly explain why they cannot find the body of Henry Jekyll. The book finishes with the letter Jekyll wrote for Utterson being presented to us as though he is reading it. Utterson is to rejoin Poole in the house at the stroke of midnight, no later, in order to call the police and inform them of the murder. We will start the chapter three weeks after the discovery of the corps. Note: I have tried to make the style of writing alike to Mr. Stevensons as much as possible. __________________________________________________________ The Incident of Mr. Enfield and Mr. Utterson Mr. Utterson, the lawyer, was not a man of weak stomach, but even his strength had restrictions. Although he was an individual of strict self-control, he did approve a known patience for others; an ability he had come by due to a singular resurfacing thread that seemed to wind its way through his life: he repeatedly had the luck (or misfortune, as one may see it) to be the last good influence in the lives of moribund men. And so, it seemed, that the thread had reappeared in his life by way of the troubling matter of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and that it was choking the willpower right out of poor Mr. Utterson. Now insipid and tired, Gabriel had turned to his darling gin in an effort to stifle the snake like thread of depression, the obstacle between him and a return to his standard way of life. One of the elements of said typical lifestyle was Mr. Uttersons weekly ramble through the streets of London with his good friend Richard Enfield. It was the first time in three weeks that the two friends had performed the ritual: their languor a direct consequence of the terrible goings on at 119 Dublin Street. As neither of the two gentlemen was in great haste to set foot in a spot anywhere near the scene of the crime, the usual area of their strolls, there was no great effort put forth by either side of the partnership to keep their weekly custom in check. As they walked through a narrow by street neither uttered a word, but both all but expected the awfully dense fog of London folklore to role in at any moment, however for now at least, the sky remained clear. It was an unusually crisp April evening; conducive to any number of ailments and illnesses, especially if one should happen to possess a weakened spirit. .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 , .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .postImageUrl , .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 , .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:hover , .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:visited , .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:active { border:0!important; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:active , .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9 .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0191fad06f147fc3ecc56df100592b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Gatsby (714 words) Essay ?Are you quit all right questioned Mr. Enfield. ?That sounded like a nasty sort of cough, what!? ?Oh, quite all right Richard,? returned Mr. Utterson. ?Ive just been feeling the effects of a bit of the grippe since this whole mess has come out. Im afraid it has brought out the worst in me, Dick. It seems I havent been getting my forty winks lately.? ?Bloody awful tragedy, that,? continued Enfield. ?Such a good-hearted man, Dr. Jekyll. Oh, I fear weve gone and done it, now Gabriel. Our infamous pact lies in ruins? he lamented. Although he gave it a good try, Mr. Enfield could not hide his disappointment in himself for diminishing his honour in such a way. Utterson could surely be forgiven, he thought, what in his weakened state, but he could surely not be shown the same exoneration. Utterson understood his friend perfectly, as usual, and did the best he could to comfort him; ?But I do suppose that forever is a terribly long time not to speak about such a shocking revelation. Yes, its decidedly much to long of a spell.? Utterson smiled knowingly at Enfield, and, amazed at his friends intuition, Enfield decided he as well, although usually so austere, would match his friends gesture. And so, they wandered off together down the streets of London. ?Gabriel,? proclaimed Enfield as he turned to his old friend, ?we must make a pact here and now to decree that we will not allow what happened to our dear ones happen to us. I am proposing,? pronounced Enfield with a sparkle in his eye, ?that we watch over each other so that we may one day, in however distant a reality, be sipping burgundy in each others company, and not in bitter solitude.? Utterson looked his friend squarely in the eye, and as the London fog rolled in, he said: ?Ill shake hands on that Richard. Ive lost too many friends in this lifetime. Now lets have that burgundy.? Supernatural Issues

Tourism Growth in Developing Countries

Presently, tourism is known to be one of the biggest, yet dynamic and a very fast growing sector, which has many economical benefits (Batta, 2000). Because of the high returns, substantial amount of foreign currency flow in a country, crucial infrastructures, and other amenities develop, and modern educational experiences take place rapidly affecting the economy of any given country.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Tourism Growth in Developing Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More No doubt, tourism has contributed to both social and economical growth of many countries worldwide. For a number of well-developed countries such as France and Switzerland among others, tourism has been one of the greatest factors, which have steered developments both in terms of social and economical spheres (Cooper et al. 2005). However, despite of numerous developments brought by tourism, it also has the potential to cause many problems, especially to the developing countries. According to most current statistics, tourism is a sector that has impacted world economy in a positive way. Statistics clearly show that tourism provides about ten percent (10%) of the total world income (Mitchel, 2009). In addition to this, it also provides jobs directly and indirectly to a tenth of the world’s labor force (Mitchel, 2009). Looking at this topic from the perspective of development, tourism is a sector that has proved beyond doubt to be very reliable and most importantly, extremely essential due to its contribution in the economy of a country. However, most people tend only to see the positive aspect of the tourism sector without even thinking of the idea that tourism can also cause many problems. In developing countries such as Kenya, Zimbabwe, Brazil, and India among many others, where tourism is a key sector and a pillar of national economy; this sector has caused numerous problems, some that are long- term. Long-term problems such as environmental and ecological damage have severe effects to the nation and the host community as well (Mason, 2008). Tourism is highly regarded for its role in bringing people of different cultures together (Casimir, 2000). For instance, people come from all corners of the world to visit East Africa, where tourism is a booming business.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as much as the tourism sector impacts the host communities in a positive ways in terms of culture, it is also one of biggest destroyers of indigenous cultures (Casimir, 2000). Most people find pride in cultural values that are deep rooted. Because of that aspect, tourists like visiting communities where members have maintained their cultural values. Most host communities tend to showcase some aspects of their widely held cultural values to foreigners. In a number of developing countries, cultural values and aspects are mostly highlighted through making items that are part of their culture such as carvings, cloths, utensils and so on (Rodgers, 2001). Poverty is high in most developing countries and therefore, host communities depend on selling these kinds of stuffs to foreigner to earn a living (Urry, 2003). Once tourists have bought such stuffs, considering that most of them are foreigners, they go back with them to their homes. In other words, they carry away the most treasured cultural heritage of the host community. Since most foreigners have economical power, they develop and modify such items, which have been acquired from a developing country. The next time people from developing countries realize, their cultural products are being sold in foreign lands but they take no credit for their creative products. This way, their intellectual products are sold and their cultural values became eroded. A good example in this case is the famous Ke nyan Kiondo. Kiondo was and still is a cultural heritage from one sub tribe in Kenya (the Kikuyu community). However, today Japanese people who bought the idea of Kiondo in Kenya do produce and sell it in and outside Japan earning income for the country. If Kenya was a developed country, it would have modified this product and earn good income from it. However, the irony is that Kiondo is even more popular with Japanese than it is with Kenyans. Secondly, tourism in many developing countries has interfered with people’s privacy, dignity, and authenticity (National Parks Portals, 2009). As tourists visit several developing countries to explore many things, they not only concentrate on nature, but they also try to explore and understand host’s way of life.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Tourism Growth in Developing Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This involves visiting their homes and even sometimes staying with them for sometime. Where some hosts may take this as a gesture of friendship, others (Hosts) may not be comfortable with such situations. As tourist visits people in their homes, in one way or the other, they do interfere with their personal privacy (Singh, 2008). On other hand, as much as some of tourists may appreciate what they see or learn about the culture of the hosts, others may disgrace or intimidate the host community. This without doubt, interferes with the dignity of individuals. This can be caused by lack of clear and developed policy in a developing country (National Parks Portals, 2009). While tourists are highly appreciated for providing people (host) opportunities to learn about foreign cultures without having to travel across the sea, it is also one of the major causes of culture erosion in most developing countries (Telfer and Sharpey, 2008). Due to lack of proper exposure, many people in developing countries are naive. Most people in d eveloping countries have the perception that foreign cultures are more superior to theirs. Because of this perception, most host communities are carried away by some cultural values of the foreigners. In fact, some foreign tourists go to such developing countries and even marry there (Telfer and Sharpey, 2008.). They then go with their wedded couples back to their homes. This greatly contributes to erosion of cultures. In addition, as much as the tourism sector is credited to be environmental friendly, it has a substantial amount of effect on environment (Huybers, 2007). Tourism in developing countries can be a major cause of ecological destructions hence impacts the environment negatively. Many tourists go to developing countries as part of the adventure. Although the primary goal is to explore, tourists also influence destruction of ecology in the host country (Huybers, 2007). This may come about when tourists want to visit interior areas. In an effort to make their visitors comfo rtable, hosts will clear trees and bushes to create roads and paths.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, when they visit national parks, they at times want to camp there. In the process, they cut trees to use for camps and making fire. This causes destruction to the environment, especially the natural cover (Urry, 2003). On the other hands, cars used by tourists also cause pollution of air and consequently the environment. Tourism is associated with development in terms restaurants and hotels (Singh, 2008). With these forms of developments, many benefits are linked to this growth including creation of jobs to some people in the local community. Since most tourists are foreigners, the standards of foods and drinks in such restaurants are of high quality. This therefore means that, most locals can hardly ever work in these hotels. In addition, farmers can only supply few types of foods, as most tourists (foreigners) are not used to local foods. Due to standards and quality expected by foreign tourists, most foods and even employees are exported from well developed countries (Hu ybers, 2007). This denies opportunities for farmers to sell their products to these kinds of restaurants and it also does not accommodate people from the host community in terms of employment due to lack of skills. The amount or level of employment created by tourism is not adequate in developing countries (Telfer and Sharpey, 2008). This is due to lack of sufficient education and skills. In terms of social life, tourism is highly regarded as a sector that has the ability to engage people and promote good relations. This is because tourism brings people of different cultures together. Even though some locals in developing countries face a number of problems when dealing with foreigners, especially communication issues, good social relations is developed in one way or the other through tourism. However, as much as this sector promotes the social life, it does cause a major problem in the society. This problem is the issue of prostitution (Telfer and Sharpey, 2008). Most people in dev eloping countries are languishing in poverty and some live below a dollar a day (Telfer and Sharpey, 2008). Since the perception of locals is that tourists have a lot of money, they do anything to earn that foreign currency. For young girls and mid aged men, prostitution is one way of earning money. Young women go to nightclubs where foreigners are partying and they get paid peanuts for sex. On the other hand, young men look for older tourist women and they are paid few dollars to meet sexual needs of these tourists. Because of this factor, the social life turns to be a big evil of prostitution in areas that are widely visited by tourists. According to statistics, prostitution is relatively high in regions with high number of tourist since people are less educated (Telfer and Sharpey, 2008. They resort to prostitution to earn the foreign income. Conclusion In deed, tourism is a sector that has the potential to drive any country forward due to its economical benefits. Across the worl d, tourism sector has brought enormous economical benefits hence steering developments. Despite of its potential to bring economical benefits to a developing country, tourism is a major cause of problems. Tourism can cause ecological and environmental damage (Lew, 2008). In addition, it can cause severe effects on culture and cultural values of the host communities. This can either be through damage of cultural heritage or by culture erosion. Insufficient policies, lack of education and skills, and poverty is among several factors that make tourism to have far-reaching effects in most developing countries. Developing countries should device better approaches to address all issues in order to continue enjoying social and economical benefits from the tourism sector. References Batta, R 2000, Tourism and the Environment: A Quest for Sustainability with Special  Reference to Developing Countries, and Policy Analysis on Himachal Pradesh, Indus Publishing, Bangladesh. Casimir, M 2000, C ulture and the Changing Environment: Uncertainty Cognition and  Risks, Berghahn Books, New York. Cooper et al. 2005, Tourism: Principles and Practice, 3rd edn, Pearson Education, Harlow. Huybers, T 2007,Tourism in Developing Countries, Edwin Edgar Publishers, Cheltenham. Lew, A 2008, Long Tail Tourism: New Geographies for Marketing Niche Tourism Products, Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, Vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 409–419. Mason, P 2008,Tourism Planning and Management, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Mitchel, J 2009, Values Chain Analysis and Poverty Reduction at Scale, Overseas  Development Institute. National Parks Portals 2009, Impacts of Tourism. Web. Rodgers, J 2001, Travel and Tourism: Advanced, Heinemann, Sandton. Singh, L 2008, Issues in Tourism Industry: Fundamental of Tourism and Travel, Isha Books, Delhi. Telfer, D. Sharpey, R 2008, Tourism and Development in the Developing  World, Rutledge, California. Urry, J 2003, Social Networks, Travel, and Talk. British Journal of Sociology, Vol 54, no. 2, pp. 155–175. This assessment on Tourism Growth in Developing Countries was written and submitted by user Zion M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Common Ground Among Them †Creative Writing Story

Common Ground Among Them – Creative Writing Story Free Online Research Papers Common Ground Among Them Creative Writing Story At the first night, I knew my three roommates: Stephanie, Alicia and Katherine. Stephanie, a slim girl, snow-white skin made her very popular in boys. She was called school-flower. I heard from Alicia that Stephanie used to be smacked by the elder girl from the middle school when she was in primary school, because the boys in middle school were crazy for her, and she almost grabbed of their attention from other girls. Of course, she began to make a boyfriend in a young age. That was the reason I think she was a superficial girl and I didn’t have a good feeling about her. When the boys knew Stephanie would study in middle school, some of boys even begun to plan that how to pick up her. However, it was not so easy to do, because the number of the boys who wanted to pick up her could around the earth three rounds. Alicia, a little bit fat, her skin was quite dark and she was not so tall. She was an opponent to Stephanie, but Stephanie was her good friend. Maybe the boy wanted to get close to Stephanie through Alicia, so she was quite popular as well. And Katherine, umm†¦she was so quite that you would ignore her exist. She was that kind of gracefully quiet girl. She didn’t like t o talk, but listened to us. However, I found a common ground among them: studied badly, but yearned for the love can remember to the end of their lives. In the first night, Stephanie positive talked to me first. â€Å"Hey, Michelle, have you ever made any boyfriend before you came to this school?† Stephanie asked me. â€Å"No. I don’t have so much time to know one. How can I make a boyfriend?† I asked return back. â€Å"You mean you spend all the time on the books?† her tone raised several tones. I didn’t deny and nodded my head. â€Å"Ok. Tell me frankly have you ever loved someone before?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I mean did you heart beat fast when you saw a boy?† â€Å"Of course not. It’s too dramatic. How can you love a stranger at the first sight, you know nothing about him. Can you sure he is a good guy?† â€Å"Oh, my god! I can’t believe I am living with a cold-blood girl together. Dear Michelle, don’t be too dull. Every girl dreams to be loved by someone. Doesn’t tell me you haven’t thought about it before!† â€Å"Yes, that is who I am! Don’t you feel the job of being a student is study?† â€Å"Are you kidding? Study? Are you crazy that you’ve never imagined your boyfriend?† â€Å"What’s wrong?† â€Å"What’s wrong? That’s a big big wrong. You need to leave the books. Books are not your whole life, book worm.† â€Å"But I want to study some knowledge. That’s the reason I come here.† â€Å"All right, I’ll tell candid to you that love is a vast knowledge that no book can teach you how to do it, even the adult can’t handle it well. You have to grow up one day. Girl, woke up, you will face it some day.† â€Å"How many boyfriends you have made so far?† She leaned her head and her finger moved up and down, after a while. â€Å"I think it’s about seven.† She peacefully said. â€Å"Seven?† â€Å"Why you look so surprised? Your eyes are so round that I can put a nut in it.† â€Å"Do you want to imply that you understand love a lot?† â€Å"Maybe.† She proudly said. â€Å"So what’s love?† â€Å"That’s easy. It means you treat me well, then I treat you well too.† â€Å"Stephanie, friends also can treat each other like this, just like you and Alicia, does it mean you guys need to fall in love?† â€Å"Take it easy, Michelle. You’re still young. I can understand. You can’t accept this so fast.† â€Å"It’s absurd. If he doesn’t treat you well, then you won’t love him any more, right?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"If he treats you well at the same time, he has another girlfriend; do you still stay beside him?† â€Å"Um†¦then I would consider whether he worth me paying much love on him. For example, I would see he whether is rich. Even he doesn’t love me any more, if he still treats me well. I can use his money to buy what I like to buy. Remember, if man is an earning money machine, then girl should be a wasting money machine. In addition, Michelle, nowadays, there is a popular saying in girls: ‘marry a rich man is better than study well in school’!† † â€Å"Is she reading the actor’s lines?† that’s my first reflection. Although I’d heard this kind of words so many times from media I’d never thought that I would hear that from my friend’s mouth. I was shocked. The feeling liked the ship crushed into a cold mountain. Ice freezes my body from head to foot from sky.† â€Å"You don’t want to set up your own business? Haven’t you made an aim for your life?† â€Å"Of course, I have, married a rich husband and be a wealthy wife. That’s simple. It’s hard to work outside, why you don’t I choose a comfortable way to spend my life?† â€Å"Your opinion is so special.† â€Å"Me? Lots of people have the same thought as mine. They just don’t express it so plain and directly like me.† â€Å"Ling†¦Ling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Our conversation was ended by the mobile phone, which was from her boyfriend. He called her to have a date in the weekend. There was no surprise that her boyfriend was from a wealthy family. Actually, she told me a lot, but I only could remember these. After the weekend, when I saw her again, a spanking new delicate ring was worn in her right hand. I heard from Alicia that this ring cost 1,000 RMB. â€Å"Being a rich guy’s girlfriend is so great.† I heard another girl in my grade after she saw the ring. Do you think this is a good phenomenon that a girl advocates money worship? How their parents taught her? At the end of that year, when we finished the text, my questions couldn’t store any more. I really hoped I could change her vulgar mind. â€Å"Stephanie, do your parents know that?† I curious asked. â€Å"My parents?† she sneered, â€Å"Hug, they are absolutely this kind of people. Can you believe that my mom even encourage me finding a rich man as husband.† â€Å"Ah?† I couldn’t believe my ears. â€Å"Don’t be so surprise. Michelle, I believe you were born in a content family; I used to be as well. But everything has changed since my family became rich. He didn’t like going home any more. He loves staying outside, not come home and see my mom and me. My mother always cried when he was not at home, I used to naà ¯ve think that it was caused by my mark, so I worked very hard in a period and that made me became the top student in my school, but it didn’t change too much. Later, I knew that dad had some women outside. From then on, I swear I must spend all the men’s money. That’s my family. If my father was not rich, my family wouldn’t in this situation. Sorry, Michelle. I didn’t plan to tell you this. I know you are so pure as a piece of white paper. I hope you won’t violate any spot, just not like me. I know I am terrible.† I knew I should say, â€Å"No, you are still a good girl.† Such words to console her, but I just couldn’t burst out. I was too shock to say anything. I looked at her. She looked unconfident any more, instead of sorrow. I still remember her eyes clearly. It was a pair of numb and dim eyes. Her language was slipslop like a bottom of water, not sweet but not bitter, either. She used the simplest words to describe her past, but her words like drooping a stone into a still lake, the surface floated bunches of ripples in my heart. Before that, I considered she was a shallow girl, who only loved money in her mind. I used to think that my entire peer should be focus on their study and their families’ supervisor their mark, but Stephanie opened a window and led me to another new world. That was my first time to see Stephanie’s case. This talent girl could change like this, which was not all her fault. â€Å"Then who should take this responsibility?† I couldn ’t help asking myself. When I am writing in here, Stephanie makes me recollecting myself at the age of eight. At that time, my parents quarreled horrible, I have forgotten how fear I was when they were arguing, but I remember clearly that their argument made me felt like at the end of the world. Suddenly, I think I begin to understand her. There is nothing worse than the child see their parents separate. The situation that Stephanie met even worse. I don’t know how she felt when she faced her father. At least, she wouldn’t believe the story that the prince and princess live happily forever in fairy tale. A three-people family, like a pedicab, no matter which wheel was broken, the consequence was severe. I thought if I met the same situation with her, what should I do? Do I think her behavior is the best way to solve the problem? Stephanie was right. I wouldn’t learn this from my text book. My text books never taught that I should take responsibility to my self, my family and the whole society. That moment, I felt my high mark was useless. It couldn’t help me to solve this complicated spot. High mark couldn’t let me understand the adult’s emotion world. The most ridicule thing was they always request us study well, but ignore the basic thing. Do they think high mark can represent everything? I was worried that our next generation might meet the same embarrassing situation with us! However, Stephanie transferred to another school after Junior One. Before she left, she wrote a message to me that asked Alicia to give me: I wanna marry a common boy. When I saw it, my tear was suddenly rolling in my eye pit. She was a victim of her family. Research Papers on Common Ground Among Them - Creative Writing StoryPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameMind TravelCapital PunishmentStandardized TestingUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

How to Write an Online College Admissions Essay

How to Write an Online College Admissions Essay Since most online colleges do not require face-to-face interviews, the admissions essay is the primary way administrators get to know applicants. You won’t be able to charm an interviewer with your witty banter or your knowledge of school history. Instead, you’ll need to make sure your personality shines through in your writing. How to Write YourAdmissions Essay that Wows Your Audience Analyze the question. Admissions officers are looking for something; you need to figure out what it is. Think of the admissions essay question as a puzzle waiting to be solved. Don’t take it for its face value – think a little deeper. A question such as â€Å"Who is your hero?† is probably a way for admissions officers to find out what the applicant values. If you say your hero is style icon Paris Hilton, you’d better be applying to a fashion school.Follow the instructions. Once you’ve figured out what the admissions officers are looking for, it’s time to write. Follow the instructions with exacting accuracy, even if that means stifling your creativity a bit. Many schools use the admissions essay to make sure students can understand and follow basic directions. If you’re asked to keep your essay under a certain word count, do it. An unfortunate number of applicants have been shocked to learn that admissions officers received only the f irst 500 words of their 1000-word essays. The applicants didn’t follow the instructions, and the admissions officers didn’t get the opportunity to read their brilliant concluding paragraphs. Let your personality shine through. One of the most common admissions office complaints is that college applications seem a little too staged. Admissions officials want to make sure that your application essay wasn’t written by your guidance counselor or a hired essay-writing service. Break away from the generic and share your lovable quirks. At the same time, remember that you don’t have to reveal everything. If a bit of your history casts you in a bad light, it’s better not to mention it.Emphasize your strengths. The application essay is the perfect opportunity for you to demonstrate your strengths and explain any blemishes on your record. Many colleges ask students to write a separate essay that explains what sets them apart from the crowd. If you have an assignment like that, don’t be shy. Describe your many talents in a confident, non-boastful manner. If you have blemishes on your academic record such as poor grades or an expulsion, now is the time to own up to these issues. Explain any extenuating circumstances (such as dropping out due to a family tragedy). If there is no good excuse, explain what you’ve learned from your mistakes and why you’ll never make them again. Even if you are not assigned an essay about your strengths, you can demonstrate your talents in just about any assignment. â€Å"Show† the reader what your strengths are by setting up a scene. For example: In an essay about a defining moment in your life, you may want to â€Å"show† the reader how you’ve demonstrated leadership under stress. Don’t brag about it; just set the scene. Edit your work. Once you’ve completed the application essay, let it set for a few days. Then, go back and edit your work. Taking a break will help you look at it with fresh eyes. Ask yourself: â€Å"Is there is anything I can change to make the essay more powerful?† Be sure to run spell check and analyze every sentence for grammatical mistakes. If your online school does not prohibit second party help, ask a former teacher or essay editing service for additional assistance. Writing a stellar college admissions essay takes time. By following these basic steps, you’ll be able to craft a piece to be proud of.

The significance of Jerusalem to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay

The significance of Jerusalem to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - Essay Example armed can defend the physical territory which cradled a religion, yet so as the one favored or preferred by people with the authority (thus making it political). One such city, undergoing fierce territorial pursuits in lieu of its three cradled religion -- Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, is the holy city of Israel, the Jerusalem. Jerusalem is central to the religion, Judaism. Geographically and historically, this city bore the city of David and its main Temple, of which existed the Ark of the Covenant (Prior 71). Inherent to almost all religions, the Judaism’s hold for Jerusalem as its holy city is primarily rooted by its being the place of origin and the existence of an important relic, the Ark of the Covenant. Symbolically, the Temple’s destruction and the Jew’s oppression have become events that were to be endured and triumphed over to be able to accomplish the â€Å"return of the Jews to Zion† (Hoppe 22). Indeed, the world had been witnessed to the Jew’s sufferings. Consequently, they view the return to their holy city, Jerusalem, of which they were repeatedly ousted, as the ultimate reward for refusing to give up in this religious-territorial battle. For the Christians, Jerusalem, as its holy city, lies on the fact that the place is the event for Jesus’ death, resurrection and ascension, as well as the ‘descension of the Holy Spirit on the early Church’ (Prior 71). The Jerusalem City, cradling these important events, naturally marked its place in the Christian history and piety. However, what strengthened the city’s position in the Christian norm is the discovery of Jesus’ tomb in the city (Hoppe 22). The tomb’s existence in Jerusalem sealed its place in the Christian norm that even if pilgrimage was not considered the religion’s tradition, it was nevertheless encouraged. The Muslims consider Jerusalem to be one of its three holiest places, apart from Mecca and Medina (Prior 71). Jerusalem’s holiness in the Muslim context is based

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 11

Research paper - Essay Example It is strongly believed that by taking into consideration various arguments along with counterarguments based on the aforesaid sentiments, the role of obligations in the context of fighting against evil and the potentiality of the intellectuals towards governing a specific society can be ascertained. Philip Zimbardo, the lecturer in the audio file i.e. â€Å"Journey from the Psychology of Evil to the Psychology of Heroism† provided knowledge about psychological effect on the mind and behaviour of people. The lecturer signified that there are different factors that are accountable for transforming human behaviour and character. Moreover, the transformation in the character is observed due to social influence, situational act, personal attributes or morality, compassion or sense of justice. The factors are identified to adversely affect the psychological stability of human mind based on which good people are engaged in performing evil actions affecting a society as a whole. The lecturer also added that evil behaviour is exercising power to damage, harm or obliterate psychological or physical well-being of others (Korstanje, 2013; Zimbardo, 2007). Correspondingly, the essay intends to analyse sentiment to fight evil. The discussion will identify the suitability of intellectuals about their fitness in governing a society. Additionally, argument and counterargument provided with the aim of determining the appropriateness of the arguments relating to good or evil actions performed. In general, most of the people recognizes that evil is a quality, which is inherent or developed by some of the people and not by all human beings. Evil behaviour is developed by an external force and bad seeds, which enforce an individual to perform evil actions. In contrast, spiritual power grounds evil either directly in the appearance of possession or indirectly as a spiritual oppression.

How War Is Necessary Essay Example for Free

How War Is Necessary Essay Mr.Weirzbowski-English 10 War has been with mankind for many millenniums. The reasons for wars in mankind’s history have all been various, however one big reason for war is that countries want to grow bigger, by taking over one another. Throughout history, rulers would not be satisfied with the amount of land that they had or wanted to spread their beliefs around the world. So, they did it by trying to take over others. However, some didn’t want to give up their land or change, so they fought. Fighting these wars are, however, necessary no matter what people believe. This is because fighting them and winning will stop them from controlling others. Some wars that stopped countries from controlling others are the second world war, the war in Vietnam, and the Revolutionary war. However, there are claims that the Vietnam war could’ve been avoided, but there would’ve been consequences for going to war. War is necessary because it’s a way to try to stop countries from dominating over others and controlling them. There are many ways that war has stopped countries from controlling one another. Firstly, the Vietnamese war was necessary because, the war would’ve stopped the spreading of communism to neighboring asian countries, also known as the â€Å"domino theory†. The idea of communism started with the election of Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam. Kennedy wasn’t concerned with Vietnam until Lyndon B Johnson called Ngo Dinh Diem the â€Å"Wi nston Churchill of Asia† because, Diem was the only one trying to resist the communists and Johnson promised to help him. Noam Chomsky, a US philosopher, stated that if a country better its economy due to communism, neighboring countries would try to improve their economy using communism, as seen when China influenced North Vietnam. Had communism been successfully spread to South Vietnam, then Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc. Also, other countries would’ve lost faith in the US for not protecting S.Vietnam in their time of need. This shows that the US needed to fight this war to stop the communistic ideals from spreading to countries and to keep the confidence of other countries around the world, so that they could help the US when the US needs them. The second world war as necessary  because, it showed how the world responds to a fascist ruler controlling a major country, trying to claim the world. It also showed how the US would react when attacked by another major country. Hitler want to create a â€Å"master race†, which was blonde-haired, blue-eyed people. So when he came into power, he had convinced the german people that jewish people were less than humans and should be treated as such. Thus he started taking over various countries in Europe and started killing jewish people to start his plan. While that was happening, the US was maintaining neutrality and supplying Britain, Russia, and China with weapons until the japanese attacked pearl harbor on December 1941. The US then declared war on Japan and fought in the Pacific theater until August 15th, 1945. Had the axis powers won World War II, North America and South America would be surrounded by dictators ready to destroy democracy and take over the world. Also, H itler’s plan would’ve probably been completed and the world would’ve been comprised of blonde, blue-eyed people. However, the war told us that when we are concerned with individualism, we become selfish and corrupted or under the influence of corrupted selfish nations. This war was needed because, when one tries to dominate and take over another country, we become blinded and end falling. We need teamwork to stay strong in the world. Finally, the Revolutionary War was necessary because, it allowed rights normally granted by the king, to be for every single individual. It also sparked other revolutions, along with stopping Britian from controlling the colonies. When the French Indian War concluded, King George III made the Proclamation of 1763, which stated that no colonists may settle west of the Appalachian and anyone other than Indians there had to move from the area. The Boston Massacre also brought them closer to the revolution, because British soldiers killed 5 civilians for calling them names. The Stamp Act of 1765, Townshend Act of 1767, and the Tea Act of 1773, were all attempt of Britian to try and control the colonies in North America. However after the war, the Declaration of Independence was signed and Britian let the colonies rule themselves. With this newfound freedom, the colonists were allowed to trade with anyone they wanted, colonize past the Appalachian Mountains, set up a new government and th e British moved out of the colonies. Had the colonists lost the war, the US would probably still be under British rule to this day. Even with all this evidence that war is necessary, people still see war as a terrible thing. Going back to the Vietnam War, the Vietnamese War could’ve been avoided because the US could’ve stayed neutral and let the problem in Vietnam blow over, instead of sacrificing 50,000 men. The war would’ve been avoided and Vietnam would’ve became a communist country along with possibly, part of Asia. Robert McNamara, defense chief under John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson, says that he doubted Vietnam would let China or Russia use them as a base, but that’s the US had feared at the time. The US had feared that China or Russia would use them as a base they could use to control more parts of Asia. The Vietnamese could’ve probably fought the war themselves and probably resisted the communistic ways of China and/or Russia. The belief about if war is needed in the world or not cuts both ways. Either that it helps bring everlasting peace in the world closer or it’s useless and all it does is kill off innocent people. War is a big thing that stops countries from trying to gain total global domination or keeping them at bay until they give up. Until that happens, there will be allies who will attack at a moments notice when a country is trying to bite off more than it can chew.There are so many more examples of how war is necessary in the world that this would be a lot longer than it is already. The concept of war may seem bad, but in the end, it’s all worth it.

Burkina Faso :: History

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a small country located in Western Africa, north of Ghana, it's total land area is 274,200 sq km. The terrain is mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast. Some of it's natural resources are manganese, limestone, marbleand small deposits of gold. The irrigated land in Burkina Faso is only a mere 160 sq km. The population is 10,422,828 (July 1995 est.) of which 50% is under the age of 15. Burkina Faso is a country with a rapidly increasing population in relation to the growth of food supply and other human necessities. The countries population is growing rapidly and the country is not able to adequately feed, shelter, and provide the basic human needs. The situation is not improving, it is getting worse with each year. The very near future could be disastrous for the people of Burkina Faso. The possible solutions in overcoming this problem are not plentiful and all have their drawbacks, and moral issues. One option would be to try to increase the death rate, and at the same time lower the birth rate. Another can be to try to raise the environmental limits so that food supply would adequate. Or the other option can be that we do nothing and wait. These are just some options that I think are the most applicable to the case in which Burkina Faso is currently facing. Of all three the most appealing solution to me is number one. That solution might be a little slower then other options but I believe it is the best approach for the country. The first option, to increase death rates and lower the birth rates would be the best choice. This option would be best because of the situation that is in Burkina Faso. The spread of HIV/AIDS has become an important issue in Burkina Faso, where the national statistics estimate that between 4 and 7 percent of the population is seropositive. While these rates are low in comparison to countries of East Africa, they place Burkina Faso second after Cote d'Ivoire among West African countries most affected by the epidemic. Burkina Faso's health problems include a high prevalence of many endemic diseases, poor case management by the health system and a weak infrastructure, with health centres that are geographically or financially inaccessible to most of those they are meant to serve.

Beyonce Essay

Beyonce’ Knoweles, a twenty-one year old Houston native is the founding member and chief songwriter of one of the biggest selling female acts of all times. We all know this group as talented, sexy, chart topping, and â€Å"bootyliscious†, with that being said, you better say their neme, â€Å"Destiny’s Child. † Destiny’s Child has sold over 33 million records worldwide. Beyonce’ has co-written and co-produced many of the groups’ hit songs. She also is the first African-American woman to ever win the ASCAP Pop Songwriter of the Year Award and second woman to ever receive the honor! Beyonce’ has been nominated for four 2004 Soul Train Awards including, Best R&B/Soul Single â€Å"Crazy In Love,† Best R&B/Soul Album -Dangerously In Love, Best R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Dangerously In Love, and the Micheal Jackson Award/ Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video â€Å"Crazy In Love. †Also, Beyonce’ is nominated for five 35th Annual NAACP Image Awards! She has won 3 MTV Video Music Awards and also took home 5 Grammys this year! Just guess who won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite Female Musical Performer at the 30th Annual People’s Choice Awards? If you said the talented, young, out-going Beyonce’ Knowles, you got it right. Beyonce’s solo debut, Dangerously In Love, has been certified multi-platinum as of February 12, 2004! The young, 21 year old, Beyonce’ Knowles has made a mark in history and in many peoples hearts. Destiny’s Child, led by original members Beyonce’ Knowles,Kelly Rowland, LaTavia Robinson, and LoToya Luckett launched on the scence in 1997 with their multi-platinum single,â€Å"No, No, No,†from their self-titled album. The group released their second album, â€Å"The Writing’s On The Wall† in 1999. The album sold over 10 million copies worldwide. â€Å"Bills, Bills, Bills,†Ã¢â‚¬ Say My Name,†and â€Å"Jumping, Jumping† all went 9 weeks at #1 on the Bilboard’s R&B singles chart. Being that the group was going through some difficuties, some group arrangments were made (LaTavia Robinson and LaToya Luckett departed the group). Beyonce’ and Kelly would go on to keep the groyp alive and surviving. Michelle Williams was just what Beyonce’ and Kelly needed to make the dramatic affairs a great success. A year after Michelle joined the group, they recorded the Survivor album. Survivor went double platinum four weeks after its release and has went on to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide. Destiny’s Child took home two Grammy Awards for best R&B song and best R&B pergformannnce by a Duo or Group for the hot â€Å"Say My Name. † The group has won a great deal of other awards, Billboard Artist of the year, NAACP Image Awards, American Music Awards, Nickeloeon Kid’s Choice, and The Sammy Davis Jr. Award for Entertainer of the Year at the Soul Train Awards. Beyonce’s solo album, Dangerously In Love gave her and the group members of Destiny’s Child (Kelly and Michelle) an opporitunity to grow. Beyonce’ says she feels free, because she can go into the studio and talk about whatever she wants. In many ways, she admits that it was harder to be on her own since she depended on the group so much. Beyonce’s father and manager, Mathew Knowles share the experiances and successes of the already multi-platinum album, Dangerously In Love. Many great artist are also featured on Dangerously In Love. Beyonce’ Knowles is a young, talented, sexy, intellectual, motivational, inspirational, brilliant, African – American feamale who has inspired many people to keep suviving and never to give up!

Fredrick Jackson Turner Seminar

Frederick Jackson Turner, â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History,† Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1893. CONTENT: Turner’s article overviews the American past as it were in a transition period of expanding west. He reviews the significance of this move and evaluates the various results of the expansion on different groups in America. THESIS: The expansion resulted in crucial advancements/ building blocks for American society as it created significant economic, social, and culture transformations; although this period eventually ended. THEMES: . Although Indians played a large part in assisting Americans find/ inhabit new land, many were not treated with peace and respect as the white man instead on remaining as the dominant power. While the Indians showed Americans the way (literally), Americans ungratefully followed. 2. As New England was strong on maintaining their religious values, they made sure to carry their sa me ideas west. Therefore, the western frontier was built with a strong influence of religion from the east. 3. Because of the continuous expansion, American gov’t buckled down and held stronger regulations and rules.Following the Louisiana Purchase, that area was proclaimed land where there could be national jurisdiction and must obey the constitution. The idea to spread land throughout the Union states had been suggested but President Johnson rejected the idea. REACTION: Although Turner’s paper was informative, I feel that it could have been better synthesized still make the same point. HISTORIOGRAPHY: Progressive School— The paper covers the crucial aspect of the evolution of the American people during the expansion and the various hurdles that they had to overcome.

10 Points About Possessives

10 Points About Possessives 10 Points About Possessives 10 Points About Possessives By Mark Nichol Writers are often challenged by the details of producing singular and possessive forms, but dealing with less common possessive variations can be downright vexing. Here are guidelines about additional possessive constructions. 1. Absolute Possessives His, hers, its, theirs, ours, mine, and yours, which are termed absolute possessives because, unlike their simple possessive versions (for example, their and my), they require no subsequent noun, should never be followed by an apostrophe. (Note that his and its, which can precede a noun or noun phrase or can stand alone, do not change form depending on whether they are simple or absolute possessives.) 2. Compound Possessives The possessive form in compound nouns and in noun phrases is generally expressed only in the final element for example, â€Å"The student teachers’ experiences varied†; â€Å"Her brothers-in-law’s attitudes differed dramatically.† (It might be better to relax the syntax: â€Å"The experiences of the student teachers varied†; â€Å"The attitudes of her brothers-in-law differed dramatically.†) 3. Genitive Possessives The genitive form, also known as the possessive form although most phrases formed this way refer to relationship, not to possession is most often problematic when the apostrophe implies of, as in â€Å"a hundred dollars’ worth† or â€Å"three months’ time.† (See this post for a discussion of the various types of genitive.) 4. Phrasal Possessives The spontaneity of speech often results in statements such as â€Å"The family down the street’s RV was hit by a car,† but because writing enables more thoughtful composition, writers should avoid such awkward constructions; instead, write, â€Å"The RV belonging to the family down the street was hit by a car.† 5. Possessives Attached to Italicized Terms An apostrophe and an s following an italicized term should not be italicized for example, â€Å"Did you read the Washington Post’s editorial today?† If the style calls for quotation marks instead of italics, avoid constructions like â€Å"Did you read the ‘Washington Post’’s editorial today?† Instead, revise the sentence, for example, to â€Å"Did you read the editorial in today’s ‘Washington Post’?† 6. Possessive with Gerund In a sentence in which a gerund (a verb functioning as a noun), not the proper noun or the pronoun preceding it, is understood to be the subject of the sentence as in â€Å"Jane’s yelling had put us all in a bad mood† the proper noun or pronoun (a modifying part of speech known as a determiner) should be in the possessive form. The sentence is expressing that the yelling caused the bad moods, and the genitive form Jane’s identifies the yeller. In â€Å"Jane yelling had put us all in a bad mood,† by contrast, Jane is the subject and yelling is a verb; the implied subject is â€Å"The act of Jane.† This construction, however, is awkward; either use the construction with the gerund, or relax the sentence to something like, â€Å"When Jane yelled, it put us all in a bad mood.† 7. Possessive Forms vs. Attributive Forms Organizations, businesses, and government agencies often refer to themselves attributively, meaning that one noun modifies another for example, respectively, note the names of the California Teachers Association, the Diners Club, and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The key noun in each name takes the plural s but not the genitive apostrophe, because the entities are intended for the referenced groups rather than established by them. However, similarly constructed generic terms such as â€Å"farmers’ market† and â€Å"girls’ soccer team† are genitive phrases and should feature an apostrophe after the plural s. Similarly, a name used as an adjective is attributive, not possessive: Write â€Å"the Jones Mansion,† not â€Å"the Jones’s Mansion,† as, for example, a designation for a historical landmark (though â€Å"the Jones’s mansion† is correct for a simple description of, for example, a neighbor’s house), or â€Å"the Vikings game† (but â€Å"the Vikings’ win-loss record†). 8. Possessive of Inanimate Objects Generally, constructions such as â€Å"The jar’s lid is cracked† is more efficient than, for example, â€Å"The lid of the jar is cracked,† but avoid rendering such set phrases as â€Å"the head of the class† unidiomatic. (â€Å"Go to the class’s head† fumbles the idiom.) 9. Possessive Preceded by Of When a phrase describing a relationship includes the preposition of, as in â€Å"a neighbor of Dad’s† or â€Å"that statement of Smith’s,† note that the presence of the preposition does not preclude the need for the genitive apostrophe. (A construction omitting the apostrophe doesn’t necessarily look wrong, but consider the example â€Å"the book of John†; this phrase suggests a book about John, not one belong to or written by John.) However, consider simplifying the phrase to, for example, â€Å"Dad’s neighbor† or â€Å"Smith’s statement† when doing so does not change the meaning. (â€Å"A neighbor of Dad’s,† for example, implies one of two or more neighbors more strongly than â€Å"Dad’s neighbor† does, and â€Å"that statement of Smith’s,† for example, more clearly specifies a particular statement than â€Å"Smith’s statement† does.) 10. Shared and Separate Possession When two closely related nouns refer to as a single entity, as in a statement about a comedy team’s best-known routine (â€Å"She’s never heard Abbott and Costello’s ‘Who’s on First’ bit†), only the second item is assigned a possessive form. But when the component entities are discussed as separate things, both items should have the possessive form, as in â€Å"Abbott’s and Costello’s off-screen personalities were consistent with their on-screen personas.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing Light25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Drama vs. Melodrama

Biography of Sir Winston Churchill, UK Prime Minister

Biography of Sir Winston Churchill, UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill (November 30, 1874–January 24, 1965) was a legendary orator, a prolific writer, an earnest artist, and a long-term British statesman. Yet Churchill, who twice served as prime minister of the United Kingdom, is best remembered as the tenacious and forthright war leader that led his country against the seemingly undefeatable Nazis during World War II. Fast Facts: Winston Churchill Known For: Prime minister of the United Kingdom during World War IIAlso Known As: Sir Winston Leonard Spencer ChurchillBorn: November 30, 1874 in Blenheim, Oxfordshire, EnglandParents: Lord Randolph Churchill, Jennie JeromeDied: January 24, 1965 in Kensington,  London, EnglandEducation: Harrow School, Royal Military Academy, SandhurstPublished Works:  Marlborough: His Life and Times, The Second World War, six volumes, A History of the English- Speaking Peoples, four volumes, The World Crisis, My Early LifeAwards and Honors: Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Order of Merit,  Honorary Citizen of the United States, Nobel Prize in LiteratureSpouse: Clementine HozierChildren: Diana, Randolph, Marigold, Sarah, MaryNotable Quote: The mood of  Britain  is wisely and rightly averse from every form of shallow or premature exultation. This is no time for boasts or glowing prophecies, but there is this- a year ago our position looked forlorn, and well nigh desperate, to all eyes but our own. Today we may say aloud before an awe-struck world, ‘We are still masters of our fate. We still are captain of our souls. Early Life Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874 at his grandfathers home, Blenheim Palace in Marlborough, England. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a member of the British Parliament and his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American heiress. Six years after Winstons birth, his brother Jack was born. Since Churchills parents traveled extensively and led busy social lives, Churchill spent most of his younger years with his nanny, Elizabeth Everest. It was Mrs. Everest who nurtured Churchill and cared for him during his many childhood illnesses. Churchill stayed in touch with her until her death in 1895. At age 8, Churchill was sent off to boarding school. He was never an excellent student but he was well-liked and was known as a bit of a troublemaker. In 1887, the 12-year-old Churchill was accepted to the prestigious Harrow school, where he began studying military tactics. After graduating from Harrow, Churchill was accepted into the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1893. In December 1894, Churchill graduated near the top of his class and was given a commission as a cavalry officer. Churchill, the Soldier and War Correspondent After seven months of basic training, Churchill was given his first leave. Instead of going home to relax, Churchill wanted to see action; so he traveled to Cuba to watch Spanish troops put down a rebellion. Churchill didnt go just as an interested soldier, however. He made plans to be a war correspondent for Londons The Daily Graphic. It was the beginning of a long writing career. When his leave was up, Churchill traveled with his regiment to India. Churchill also saw action in India when fighting Afghan tribes. This time, again not just a soldier, Churchill wrote letters to Londons The Daily Telegraph. From these experiences, Churchill also wrote his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898). Churchill then joined Lord Kitcheners expedition in the Sudan while also writing for The Morning Post. After seeing a lot of action in the Sudan, Churchill used his experiences to write The River War (1899). Again wanting to be at the scene of the action, Churchill managed in 1899 to become the war correspondent for The Morning Post during the Boer War in South Africa. Not only was Churchill shot at, but he was also captured. After spending nearly a month as a prisoner of war, Churchill managed to escape and miraculously made it to safety. He also turned these experiences into a book he titled, London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900). Becoming a Politician While fighting in all these wars, Churchill decided he wanted to help make policy, not just follow it. So when the 25-year-old returned to England as both a famous author and a war hero, he was able to successfully run for election as a member of Parliament (MP). This was the start of Churchills very long political career. Churchill quickly became known for being outspoken and full of energy. He gave speeches against tariffs and in support of social changes for the poor. It soon became clear that he did not hold the beliefs of the Conservative Party, so he switched to the Liberal Party in 1904. In 1905, the Liberal Party won the national election and Churchill was asked to become the under-secretary of state at the Colonial Office. Churchills dedication and efficiency earned him an excellent reputation and he was quickly promoted. In 1908, he was made president of the Board of Trade (a cabinet position) and in 1910, Churchill was made home secretary (a more important cabinet position). In October 1911, Churchill was made first lord of the Admiralty, which meant he was in charge of the British Navy. Worried about Germanys growing military strength, he spent the next three years working diligently to strengthen the service. Family Churchill was a very busy man. He was nearly continuously writing books, articles, and speeches while holding important government positions. However, he made time for romance when he met Clementine Hozier in March 1908. The two were engaged on August 11 of that same year and married just a month later on September 12, 1908. Winston and Clementine had five children together and remained married until Winstons death at age 90. Churchill and World War I When the war began in 1914, Churchill was praised for the work he had done behind the scenes to prepare Great Britain for war. However, things quickly started to go badly for him. Churchill had always been energetic, determined, and confident. Couple these traits with the fact that Churchill liked to be part of the action and you have Churchill trying to have his hands in all military matters, not only those dealing with the navy. Many felt that Churchill overstepped his position. Then came the Dardanelles campaign. It was meant to be a combined naval and infantry attack on the Dardanelles in Turkey, but when things went badly for the British, Churchill was blamed for the whole thing. Since both the public and officials turned against Churchill after the Dardanelles disaster, Churchill was swiftly moved out of government. Forced Out of Politics Churchill was devastated to have been forced out of politics. Although he was still a member of Parliament, it just wasnt enough to keep such an active man busy. Churchill became depressed and worried that his political life was completely over. It was during this time that Churchill learned to paint. It started as a way for him to escape the doldrums, but like everything he did, he worked diligently to improve himself. Churchill continued to paint for the rest of his life. For nearly two years, Churchill was kept out of politics. Then in July 1917, Churchill was invited back and given the position of minister of munitions. The following year, he was named secretary of state for war and air, which put him in charge of bringing all the British soldiers home. A Decade in Politics and a Decade Out The 1920s had its ups and downs for Churchill. In 1921, he was made the secretary of state for the British colonies but only a year later he lost his MP seat while in the hospital with acute appendicitis. Out of office for two years, Churchill found himself leaning again toward the Conservative Party. In 1924, Churchill won a seat as an MP, but this time with Conservative backing. Considering he had just returned to the Conservative Party, Churchill was quite surprised to be given the very important position of chancellor of the exchequer in the new conservative government that same year. Churchill held this position for nearly five years. In addition to his political career, Churchill spent the 1920s writing his monumental, six-volume work on World War I called The World Crisis (1923-1931). When the Labour Party won the national election in 1929, Churchill was once again out of government. For 10 years, he held his MP seat but did not hold a major government position. However, this didnt slow him down. Churchill continued to write, finishing a number of books including his autobiography, My Early Life. He continued to give speeches, many of them warning of Germanys growing power. He also continued to paint and learned bricklaying. By 1938, Churchill was speaking out openly against British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlains plan of appeasement with Nazi Germany. When Nazi Germany attacked Poland, Churchills fears had proved correct. The public once again realized that Churchill had seen this coming. After 10 years out of the government, on September 3, 1939, just two days after Nazi Germany attacked Poland, Churchill was asked to once again become the first lord of the Admiralty. Churchill Leads Great Britain in WWII When Nazi Germany attacked France on May 10, 1940, it was time for Chamberlain to step down as prime minister. Appeasement hadnt worked; it was time for action. The same day that Chamberlain resigned, King George VI asked Churchill to become prime minister. Just three days later, Churchill gave his Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat speech in the House of Commons. This speech was just the first of many morale-boosting speeches made by Churchill to inspire the British to keep fighting against a seemingly invincible enemy. Churchill spurred himself and everyone around him to prepare for war. He also actively courted the United States to join in the hostilities against Nazi Germany. Also, despite Churchills extreme dislike for the communist Soviet Union, his pragmatic side realized he needed their help. By joining forces with both the United States and the Soviet Union, Churchill not only saved Britain but helped save all of Europe from the domination of Nazi Germany. Falls Out of Power, Then Back in Again Although Churchill was given credit for inspiring his nation to win World War II, by the end of the war in Europe, many felt he had lost touch with the daily lives of the people. After suffering through years of hardship, the public didnt want to go back to the hierarchical society of pre-war Britain. They wanted change and equality. On July 15, 1945, the election results from the national election came in and the Labour Party had won. The following day, Churchill, age 70, resigned as prime minister. Churchill remained active. In 1946, he went on a lecture tour in the United States that included his very famous speech, The Sinews of Peace, in which he warned of an iron curtain descending upon Europe. Churchill also continued to make speeches in the House of Commons and to relax at his home and paint. Churchill also continued to write. He used this time to start his six-volume work, The Second World War (1948-1953). Six years after resigning as prime minister, Churchill was again asked to lead Britain. On October 26, 1951, Churchill began his second term as prime minister of the United Kingdom. During his second term, Churchill focused on foreign affairs because he was very worried about the atomic bomb. On June 23, 1953, Churchill suffered a severe stroke. Although the public wasnt told about it, those close to Churchill thought he would have to resign. Surprising everyone, Churchill recovered from the stroke and got back to work. On April 5, 1955, 80-year-old Winston Churchill resigned as prime minister due to failing health. Retirement In his final retirement, Churchill continued to write, finishing his four-volume A History of the English Speaking Peoples (1956-1958). Churchill also continued to give speeches and to paint. During his later years, Churchill earned three impressive awards. On April 24, 1953, Churchill was made knight of the garter by Queen Elizabeth II, making him Sir Winston Churchill. Later that same year, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Ten years later, on April 9, 1963, President John F. Kennedy awarded Churchill with honorary U.S. citizenship. Death In June 1962, Churchill broke his hip after falling out of his hotel bed. On January 10, 1965, he suffered a massive stroke. He fell into a coma and died on January 24, 1965, at age 90. Churchill had remained a member of Parliament until a year before his death. Legacy Churchill was a gifted statesman, writer, painter, orator, and soldier. Probably his most significant legacy is as a statesman who led his nation and the world during World War II. Both his actions and his words had a profound impact on the outcome of the war. Sources â€Å"The International Churchill Society.†Nicholas, Herbert G. â€Å"Winston Churchill.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Mar. 2019.â€Å"Past Prime Ministers.†Ã‚  History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK.

Classroom Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classroom Observation - Essay Example While determining how the teacher controls the behavior in the classroom the observer was informed that the code of conduct in each class of the school was created in the beginning of the year. As an example the observer found that the punishment for talking when the teacher is teaching has four stages. If the student is caught talking for the first time the teacher gives him verbal reminder. If the student is caught talking after the first reminder then the second time the teacher not only gives him verbal reminder but also reminds him of the class's code of conduct. If despite the two reminders the student does not stop then the teacher gives him the third and final warning verbally. If these three stages have not worked and the teacher finds him talking continuously then the teacher asks him and his other classmates if involved, to immediately leave the classroom and return only when they have controlled themselves completely. The teacher does not lay down the code of conduct alone but students are also involved in it. This approach helps the teacher in controlling the behavior in the classroom as current research shows that rules made together are usually more successful than teacher made rules. It gives the students a chance to voice their opinions and take ownership for the code of conduct. According to Cole et al. "Activities cannot be seen or planned in isolation. The way all the adults who are involved with the children share their strategies and the child's response is vital. This is not a one way or single channeled process." (2) Therefore when the students are sent out as a punishment they do not have any option but to obey the teacher as they too were involved in formulating this rule. They do not hold any grudges against the teacher later also due to this fact. Does the teacher integrate the content areas The observer witnessed that the teacher very skillfully integrated the content areas. It was not much difficult for her to do so because with science as a subject, it becomes easy to integrate many of the content areas. Social Studies- map skills; math- formulas for speed, time, reading charts and graphs; ELA- writing conclusions and coming up with hypothesis were all integrated by her. This made her teaching very interesting to the students. Cole et.al rightly pointed out that " children need to be challenged, the activities exciting and dynamic." (2) It has been found that students perform better when skills overlap in each area of their curriculum. The school that the observer visited believes in team teaching where policies and procedures remain constant for all content area classes. How does the teacher influence the classroom atmosphere In order to promote a congenial classroom atmosphere it is not enough to just lecture students on what to do and what not to. The students scrutinize teachers and try to find out whether teachers themselves are practicing what they are preaching. Teachers should be the role models of appropriate behavior. Only then can she influence the classroom atmosphere in a positive way. The observer found that the teacher of the classroom that he visited is an excellent model of appropriate behavior, language and decent dressing. She carried herself well and thus

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory Essay

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory to a case study - Essay Example Moreover, the analysis will consider the ways in which this particular author might have handled the situation better as well as a final judgment over whether or not Tom ultimately did the ethical good or bad in the given situation. With regards to the stakeholders within this specific case that has been listed, there are three. Firstly, there is Tom, the graphic artist working on a tight deadline at the heart of the ethical conflict. Tom represents that only individual within the case, who is faced with an ethical dilemma. The second shareholder is that of Nina, the Internet blogger whose content was unwittingly downloaded and copied by Tom in an attempt to meet the deadline he had with the supermarket chain. Lastly, the supermarket chain itself represents the third and final shareholder within this particular ethical case. Naturally, with regards to this particular case, the key ethical consideration at hand is whether or not Tom has acted ethically with relation to borrowing Ninaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s content without permission and passing it off as his own in an effort to appease his distributor. The case is somewhat compounded and complicated by the fact that initially Tom wished to do the right thing and contacted Nina with regards to her permission to use aspects of her artwork in finalizing his own project. However, as the deadline loomed closer and closer and Tom did not have the wherewithal to finish the project under his own power, he was seemingly ‘forced’ to proceed on with Nina’s design without ever hearing back regarding her confirmation on his ability to borrow key aspects of her own ideas. The issue, therefore, extends well beyond legalities and whether or not Nina’s artwork exhibited on her blog was available to Tom under the fair use clause of the law; rather, ethically speaking, the question centres upon whether or not Tom had the ethical right to borrow Nina’s artwork without her confirmation, whether it was ethical of Tom to pass this artwork along unattributed, and the degree and extent to which he had a moral and ethical obligation to his employer to produce genuine and original work to fulfil the order (Cuilla 2011, p. 340). With regards to evaluating this case using two ethical theories that have thus far been discussed within the confines of this course, it is the belief of this student that the two ethical theories that best apply to the given case in point are those of the ethics of rights and postmodern ethics. With regards to the ethics of rights, one can see quite plainly and fairly readily that the ultimate issue at the heart of the matter is whether or not Tom has the right to the material that he has borrowed/stolen without the consent of the original artists. In this sense, the theory of rights denotes that the following questions must be answered if an ethical decision is to result: whose rights are at stake, what are the corresponding obligations, and how should these rights be ra nked? With regards to the first one, the right of Nina as well as the rights of the supermarket are at stake. The rights of Nina relate, of course, to her right as the original artist to be secure in the fact that no one else is duplicating or passing off their own work as hers.

Teams progress Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teams progress - Assignment Example †¢ What were the weaknesses of your team?†¢ What were the weaknesses of your team?Lack of experience on such team managed projects was a major weakness. Although Work load was equally divided by the leader division of work was such that one member assigned to do research work was not responsible for writing task. Therefore, writing standard lacked coherence of thought. Long-term goals got forgotten to attain short term targets. Due to given time limit, team leader could not justify with the given task. †¢ What do you like best about the team experience?  The best thing about the team experience was developing an understanding of what other members thought about how to work collaboratively, innovatively and at the same time respecting each other views by listening with patience. The feeling of team-spirit was so intense that no member felt bad when his research material was found irrelevant and discarded from the final output. †¢ What do you like least about your team experience?  Online participation through the electronic media via computers was the least satisfactory strategy in comparison to offline participation at the campus library and other designated places. It did not help in resolving the issues faced by members as the target was only on providing an update on current status. Members had to wait until the next face-to-face meeting to resolve issues, which caused a delay in timely submission. My experiences of the joint project have enlightened me on how to bring performance and excellence in the final output by changing my behavior and attitude.  

Protein Purification Methods And Structure Functions Biology Essay

Protein Purification Methods And Structure Functions Biology Essay Protein purification is the method by which particular protein of interest is being separated from a complex mixture. This is a very important process in order to understand the structure, function and interactions of particular protein. First of all separation of protein from the matrix containing it and then its separation from non protein parts and finally separating desired protein from other proteins. There are three general analytical purification methods on the basis of protein properties. Firstly on the basis of isoelectric point, then size or molecular mass and lastly on the basis of hydrophobicity or polarity. Purification of protein is generally dependent upon its properties which are determined by its amino acid sequence. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_purification). Molecular parameters of human TNF alpha such as molecular weight and isoelectric point was studied by using the postparam program of ExPASY web tool. The molecular weight was found to be 58675.5 and th eoretical pI was 5.06. Purification The recombinant human TNF alpha is synthesized by the transformed K. lactis and was secreted out into the nitrogen free minimal medium because of ÃŽÂ ±-MF signal sequence present in the expression vector pkLAC2. Purification of human TNF alpha was done in few steps procedure. The first step in the purification of particular protein is its recovery from the medium and in this case TNF alpha is released outside of the cell in extra cellular medium. This is done by the help of centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 20 minutes to separate cells and the culture media. The desired protein is present in the supernatant from where it is collected and subjected to further purification. Affinity Chromatography The human TNF alpha protein has been tagged with the hemagglutinin (HA) peptide. In order to purify the protein, Pierce HA Tag IP/Co-IP Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 2010) was used that provide affinity resin and other reagent to perform immunoprecipitation or co-immunoprecipitation reactions by using HA tagged protein as bait. This kit contains the prepared agarose affinity resin, buffers, microcentrifuge spin columns, a positive control and easy-to-follow instructions. Highly specific anti- HA anitibody is covalently immobilized on the beaded agarose in the kit. There is precipitation of HA tagged protein on the agarose after incubation. This specific interaction complex is being easily eluted from the resis by using simple washing steps and then is supplied with SDS-PAGE sample loading buffer for further analysis. SDS-PAGE After isolating and extraction of the desired protein, its purity is checked by using a technique known as SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodycyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel). SDS-PAGE is a technique used for the characterization and separation of peptides and proteins in a complex mixture. The characterization of SDS-PAGE depends upon the molecular weight of a particular protein and its electrophoretic mobility. The structure of protein also effects its migration of protein through the gel. Sodium dodycyl sulphate (SDS) is anionic surfactant produce a negative charge coat on the proteins. These charged particles move towards their opposite charge electrode under the influence of electric fluid during electrophoresis. The electrophoresis of the protein through the gel is majorly affected by the ionic composition, pH and temperature of electrophoretic medium. In electrophretic migration, the pour size of the gel is also one of the major factors that affect electrophoresis. (Creighton, 1998) After loading the sample, the gel was run at constant current for 2-3 hours. Uniform bands were observed on the gel indicating the purity of protein. Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry is a technique which can be used to determine the purity of protein. As molecular weight of a protein is an important characteristic, that can indicate its purity. Mass spectrometer is a technique that detects mass to charge ratio of ions. The procedure involved is first loading of the sample for ionization in mass spectrometer. The molecules can be manipulated easily when they are ionized. These ionized molecules are separated on the basis of their mass to charge ratio in analyzer region. Afterwards, these separated ions are detected analyzed by the detector. Mass spectrometer works in a high vacuum, so that the traveling of the ions is not hindered by the air molecule during their passage from one end to the other. The mass obtain in the result is analyzed and compared with the known mass of TNF-alpha. In case of similarity in the masses, it is confirmed that the protein is completely pure. Any dissimilarity indicates that the protein is not completely purified. (Creighton, 1998) Biological Activity of TNF-alpha The biological activity of TNF-alpha can be determined by Human TNF-alpha Elisa kit (Signosis, Inc 2010). The principle of this assay is based upon solid phase ELISA. The mouse anti human TNF-alpha antibody is used in this assay for immobilization of TNF-alpha protein. For detection purpose, goat anti human TNF-alpha antibodies, which are conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with streptavidin are used. The two antibodies and the sample are incubated for allowing the reaction to take place. It leads to a sandwich formation of TNF-alpha protein in between the two antibodies. The wells are then washed after incubation, so that the unbound enzyme-linked antibodies are removed. Tetramethylbenzidin (TMB) is added in the well which is a HRP substrate. It develops a blue color while reacting with streptravidin-HRP conjugate. A stop solution is then added which changes the blue color into yellow. It is then analyzed spectrophotometrically. Absorbance is measured at 450 nm. (Signosis, In c 2010) Component of Human TNF-alpha Elisa Kit Mouse anti-human TNF-alpha antibody coated 96 well microplate. Goat anti-human TNF-alpha antibodies, biotin labeled. Streptravidin-HRP conjugate. Substrate. Standard recombinant TNF-alpha (290ng/ml) Assay wash buffer. Blocking buffer. Stop solution.

Hard Times †Charles Dickens Essay -- English Literature

Hard Times – Charles Dickens ‘Discuss the theme of education in Hard Times’ Charles Dickens was a great author of the 19th Century and his books are recognised and loved nation wide. Many people understand the meaning to his books, as they are not just plain fiction. In the novel Hard Times Dickens intensely criticises the British system of education and how it has evolved over the years: the 19th Century philosophy of ‘Utilitarianism’. Dickens believed this system was a failure, as it changed children’s minds and morals, and it is this novel that he attempts to show the horrors that this system has created. A principle was formed by Jeremy Bentham, the eighteenth century philosopher, calculating ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’. This theory explained that self-interest was the primary motivating force behind all human conduct; people strived for pleasure and tried in vain to avoid pain. Bentham advocated a system of calculation known as ‘moral arithmetic’. This was used whenever a decision had to be made about a particular choice of action, be it an individual deed or a law affecting million. The equation was a simple one: pleasure vs. pain. If all the factors fell in the direction of pleasure for the greatest number then the appropriate course of action was adopted. However, it failed to take account of the happiness and well-being of those who did not belong to the greatest number. It also presumed that every human being on earth prized nothing but material values. The catastrophes that this pathetic philosophy caused are explored and criticised by Dickens in the novel Hard Times. The philosophy also emphasised the practical usefulness of things. This meant that art, imagination, pl... ...ildren’s education. The grim pursuit of facts is contrasted with the colourful and rich life of the imagination as experienced by the circus folk. When one of them is subjected to the rigours of Gradgrind’s educational philosophy her human nature naturally rejects the attacks made on it: Sissy Jupe leans nothing from the artificially imposed educative processes familiar in the Gradgrind household. Nut, as we see later in the novel, her own essential goodness is instrumental in educating those suffering from the inadequacies of the Gradgrind philosophy. The children are denied the natural pursuits of childhood such as play, fantasy, fun and entertainment. They are ‘dead’ as children and are forced, by Gradgrind’s system, to become unnatural children. They are therefore without essential qualities needed in adulthood and as of this they become in humane.